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Ancient Megalithic Culture Of Kutch During The Pre Harappan And Harappan Times
Dear Friends of Science and Archaeology
Megalithic culture of ancient Kutch.
Very less has been investigated about ancient megalithic culture of Kutch during the pre Harappan and Harappan times. Few known places have been investigated some of them are Goniasar Juni Rayan Zura Kotadi Guntali Desalpar Meghpar Khander vari wadi Todio timbo Sarli Tombo Juna Kotada near Roha and Dholavira. But very little work has been done on the subject and the places. One of such an outstanding place is Jangania near NALIYA in Abadasa where graves are specifically shaped according to the shape of body.
Generally it is a belief that there are very few such places but it has wide distributed in ancient time in Kutch and so also need to put more interest in the subject and also in investigations of such cultures.
During our last geoarchaeological expedition in 2007 we visited few megalithic structures in kutch. Namely famous Dholavira and three new places namely Todio Timbo Timbo SARLI and Old Kotada near Roha. If photo below is not seen clearly an attachment picture “Ancient Megalithic Structures.jpg” is added to this email. As we see in composed photograph below DHOLAVIRA has similar circular structures Bottom Rt Corner. we also discovered similar Megalithic structures underground in megalithic places namely Todio Timbo Bottom Lt Corner Timbo SARLI Upper Lt Corner. and Old Kotada near Roha Upper Rt Corner.
So not only few known places do have such hidden culture but is widely distributed all over kutch during ancient time. we have some explanation of our recorded expedition and also a time table below for the ancient Megalithic structures. so we can compare the timings of those structures to relate with the ancient Civilisations in the Kutch during pre Harappan and Harappan times.
Megalithic Civilisation found in ZURA KOTADI of KUTCH Megalithic SAMADHIs Graves of Zura Kotadi and potteries and bones
Zura Jhura is situated North West of BHUJ 23:24N 69:39E is known place for its Geology and History as it says Zura Fall due to seismic activity at Jhura of the Kutch.
But its Geology is also associated with its archaeology and civilisation in that area. Though not much known of the place but local people are aware of the story of those places but far away from the knowledge of Archaeological importance as the area remained unexplored.
2km South and SE region of the Village is the Place called “KOTADI” as many civilisation names. Area has big elevated area TIMBO having stone wall around but hidden underneath. On exploration many of the Pottery found in the area including toys parts and pottery of two different varieties Red as usual as also black as in the area of RAMVAV and LAKHAPAR region civilisation in VAGAD RAPAR area.
Rivers in this region all flows from South West to North EAST from slops of the Jhuran Mountain slopes towards the Banni planes where there used to be a lake of the water of the rivers Sarasvati and sindhu waters in the Rann of KUTCH.
About 1 Km East of that KOTADI area is the place of the Mystery graves. I would say rather SAMADHIs as I have explained it before as they are the SAMADHIs is a sitting posture and are kept open on the east side of those as are kept in Samadhi rules as explained by Mahant Shree Kishordasji.
Many of such Samadhi are about some distance from the civilisation area as in the Case of GADHVARI VADI civilisation Meghpar one of samadhi was in KHANDERVARI VADI.
Specimens collected from the region confirms those civilisation and Megalithic Samadhis in the region says those to be 2000 BC.
Similar type of Mystery graves of Mystery Shapes shapes are given to the body shapes are also in JANGADIA ABADASA NALIYA LAKHPAT way. those are also Megalithic times graves.
I would prefer to say those Megalithic SAMADHIs as that can not be defined as an ordinary graves. I also took an expert opinions from Mahant shree Kishordasji of kabir Mandir BHUJ as he is well known personality of the subjects regarding SAMADHIs. We went together there to identify those and local observation showed that those places has become an open spaces now as a result of environment and weather. and shows skull bones opened from the top side and not the Limb bones. so Those are defined as Sitting SAMADHIs. and east side of those SAMADHIs kept open as seen shadows towards east in the Evening pictures.
prominent for the region’s prehistoric population. Circular graves dating to c. 3000 BC are dotted . stone piled up a round shaped chamber the site of the first archaeological excavation when several circular collective tombs like those were excavated. The excavation of a settlement confirmed the importance of the locale and for this reason the period c. 25002000 BC.
They are typical of burial mounds of about 2000 BC where the cremated remains of the community’s elders would have been buried. “Carbon dating should confirm that the burial mound dates to about 2000BC” This means the Bronze Age graveyard dates back . They have already found a piece of pottery containing the remains of burnt shells. “It is possible that the enclosure could date as far back as 3000 BC” “But we need to find more pottery that has decoration so we can provide a more accurate date to the site.”
Megalithic tombs research has a long history inextricably linked with the development of archaeology itself. In the beginning 2400 b.c.1200 A.D. interest in for such interest consisted primarily of superstitious awe and religious inspiration. Beyond this the curiosity of unknown prehistoric individuals can only be imagined.
However many terms describing megalithic architecture were first recorded. During the Culture History and subsequent periods the Some felt that the chronology only needed minor adjustments and that new tomb excavations and large catalogs would explain the evolution of the tombs. Surprisingly the advent of C14 dating in the fifties which revolutionized archaeology in many parts of the world had little effect on dating tombs C14 dates began to hint at the real antiquity of the tombs but ceramic analysis continued to play the major role.
the relative chronology. Difficulties in various regional ceramic typologies were isolated and efforts have been made to overcome incongruencies between the typological method used for ceramics problems in C14 dating and theories on megalithic tomb evolution. and related pottery contributed. The origin of megalithic tombs graves has been a matter of debate for centuries. The Eastern Tomb Origin Theory is currently not persuasive. The western origin is tainted by the diffusionists’ mindset. It is contradicted by radiocarbon dates and the evolutionary trajectory of French tombs. The Autochthonous Theory is supported by a logical chronological evolution of tomb types and their spatial distribution
The origin of megalithic tombs is an autochthonous development. This network was held together by a common ideology expressed through the building of monumental burial architecture which Megalithic tomb construction expanded at different rates The local and regional tomb types were derived from local traditions local religious interpretations and customs tied to an interregional ideology.
CHRONOLOGICAL MODEL OF MEGALITHIC CHAMBER EVOLUTION
36002990/2860 B.C./28602400/2300 b.c. 3550/35003100 B.C.
36003290 B.C./28602610 b.c. 3550/35003100 B.C.
36003530 B.C./28602800 b.c. 3550/35003400 B.C. Primevaldolmen urdolmen normally parallel to longmound
35503460 B.C./28502750 b.c. Transitional dolmen parallel/perpendicular to longmound
3550 B.C./2815 b.c. Topentrance urdolmen 3530 B.C./2800 b.c. Halfheight frontentrance urdolmen and squaredolmen 3500 B.C./2780 b.c. Extendeddolmen with axial capstone
34803290 B.C./27602610 b.c. 34003100 B.C. Multiple sidestone dolmen perpendicular to longmound
3480 B.C./2760 b.c. Rectilinear and polygonal extendeddolmen 3450 B.C./2740 b.c. Rectilinear and polygonal granddolmen
34003100/2970 B.C./27002490/2400 b.c. 32503100 B.C. Passagegraves
34003290 B.C./27002610 b.c. Transitional chambers with passage
3400 B.C./2700 b.c. Large polygonal and rectilineardolmen/protopassagegraves with angled/corner entrance and passage
33603100/2970 B.C./26502490/2400 b.c. 32503100 B.C. Passagegraves*
3360 B.C./2650 b.c. Primeval passagegraves 3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Extended passagegraves 3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Grand passagegraves
33203100/2970 B.C./26302490/2400 b.c. 32503100 B.C. Complex Chambers
3320 B.C./2630 b.c. Sidechamber passagegraves 3300 B.C./2620 b.c. Endchamber passagegraves 3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Double passagegraves 3260 B.C./2580 b.c. Triple passagegraves 3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Dualpassage chambers 3210 B.C./2560 b.c. Single chamber double passagegraves
34002860 B.C./27002300 b.c. Gallerygraves
3400 B.C./2700 b.c. Primeval gallerygraves with front or side entrance 3290 B.C./2610 b.c. Extended gallerygraves with front or side entrance 3240 B.C./2570 b.c. Grand gallerygraves with front or sideentrance
From: YOURS Dr.BHUDIAScience Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:’Kutch Science Foundation’.
Founder :’Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club Bhuj Kutch’.
Life Member:’kutch Itihaas Parishad’.
kutchscienceyahoo.co.in kutchsciencehotmail.com
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
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Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
About the writer:nbsp;nbsp;From: YOURS Dr.BHUDIAScience Group Of INDIA.
http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/venustransit_2004/
President:’Kutch Science Foundation’.
Founder :’Kutch Amateurs Astronomers Club Bhuj Kutch’.
Life Member:’kutch Itihaas Parishad’.
kutchscienceyahoo.co.in kutchsciencehotmail.com
http://uk.geocities.com/wildlifeofkutch/
http://www.geocities.com/kutchscience
http://profiles.yahoo.com/kutchscience2000
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/scienceclubofindia
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kutchscience
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/kachchh
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/bhuj
Do visit our ABOVE Clubs/Groups of Science Groups of India.
Aim High Study High Fly High But Foot On Ground
A friend asked me of what is the greatest gift I have received. Ostentatiously I did not have the second thought to reply that it is education.
For many reasons I think education is the greatest equalizer and mobilizer I have had so far. It is not a gift that one can receive easily; it is aimed and worked for. When I was a high school stude I used to think of becoming a lawyer engineer and scientist. Consequently I became what I am right now. I understood that poverty might be a bar against ones way. For sure parents pressure insecurities emotional and physiological adjustments are inevitable scenarios which you cope with in deciding what to take and where you intend to pursue your next plan of action after high school.
In choosing one let me just remind you of two things its employability and likeability. Employability in the sense that in the future vacancy of your chosen vocation will be at its peak considering the economic condition of this kaleidoscopic world. Likeability may mean do I like this or not. Am I into it? Out of it? Or Can learn the heck of it? Questions that may flaunt and fly along side of its job vacancy. Apparently there are classical courses that are timeless making it classic. In any period of time job market is available like accountancy engineering education and the likes. However there are also emerging jobs jobs from specific and general courses that may be readily demanded in the future like that of the IT industry exact sciences and applied sciences and so on.
No matter how you do it just be reminded of this old adage “Its always the destination that matters most.” Whether you go to the next level near or far to your comfort zones family and peers it is always your attitude and most of all your socalled I ME and MYSELF that is put to test. Either way its you who can always find ways to make it happens in realizing you dreams. Nevertheless study and study make one lazy so find time to play and play while you study. In addition if you have reached your dream your feet should be grounded by humility and grace. At any rate feel free to get back to me if enormous problems are too hard to beat.
I teach for reason. That is to see my students succeed in any endeavor they choose to take.
Godspeed and good luck to all graduating high school students out there!
About the writer: Reynald Cacho is an exceptional secondary teacher of English and the school literacy coordinator of Lopez National Comprehensive High School. Aside from language teaching he is also an IT enthusiast and team key player working at the same time as colab manager of the school computer laboratory. While taking his MA language and literacy at the University of the Philippines he is very much interested in pursuing MA Applied Linguistics abroad.
A Guide To Scholarship Applications
Scholarship applications can be extremely complex and confusing. Not only does every different scholarship body want something different but none of them seem to set the deadline dates for the same week which no doubt would confuse you even more! When you are applying for college it can seem like you are going round in an endless circle trying to finish tasks that you have already started but seemingly getting nowhere. It can be a chore just to finish one application to a college let alone fill in several for scholarships as well. However help is at hand and you can make life easier for yourself with these basic tips:
Read every application carefully.
Every scholarship requires something different because no two are the same so you cannot just fill out one for them all and hope that you will get a measure of success. It does not work like that. There will always be something different expected of you whether there is a word limit on your personal statement or fewer letters of is recommendation. If you do not read it and comply with the guidelines then you application will be discarded straight away.
Prepare in advance.
Before you even begin to research scholarships in depth you should practice your personal statement. Style is extremely important so you should write it out the summer before you plan to apply to ensure that get it completely right. If a personal statement reflects you then it is perfect for your applications. Keep the copy of the draft you wrote and then use that as a foundation on which to build your actually personal statements when it comes to applying for real.
Work with the space you have.
Try not to use continuation sheets on scholarship applications because the likelihood is then that representatives or assessors will get bored half way through. Try to keep all of the information to a minimum but include as many activities as you can in your list. You could even add a few into your personal statement if you run out of space. However if you do not have enough space then leave out the ones that are not important and plan this out in advance because there is nothing worse that Tippex marks on an application.
Look at what they want.
You should always look at what the provider of the scholarship is asking or and give them what they want. Never ever lie on an application form but tailor your own personality traits to your advantage. If they are looking for someone with character then communicate that in your writing style. If they are looking for integrity then mention an example of it. Always back up what you have to say by just tailor what you know about yourself to what they are looking for in you!
Always give your reasons why you want to study a certain subject.
Many individuals fall down at this step because they do not justify their reasons for wanting to take a certain subject. There must be a reason behind your choice but failing to communicate it or failing to put your reasons across in a logical and wellreasoned way can ultimately ensure that you fall at the last hurdle!
Read it through.
Never send an application form for a scholarship without reading it trough first. Make sure that you have said everything that you want to say and in a clear and concise but logical way so it is easy to read. If it passes your critical eye then I should pass theirs!
About the writer: I am a Nice Guy
